Saturday, July 18, 2020

Solar Orbiter: Closest ever pictures taken of the Sun

Solar Orbiter: Closest ever pictures taken of the Sun

   

Image copyrightSOLAR ORBITER/EUI TEAM (ESA & NASA)A "camp fire"
Image captionThe arrow points to a "camp fire". The circle at bottom-left gives an indication of size
Presentational grey line
New pictures of the Sun taken just 77 million km (48 million miles) from its surface are the closest ever acquired by cameras.
They come from the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter (SolO) probe , which was launched earlier this year.
Among the UK-assembled craft's novel insights are views of mini-flares dubbed "camp fires".
These are millionths of the size of the Sun's giant flares that are routinely observed by Earth telescopes.
Whether these miniature versions are driven by the same mechanisms, though, is unclear. But these small flares could be involved in the mysterious heating process that makes the star's outer atmosphere, or corona, far hotter than its surface.
"The Sun has a relatively cool surface of about 5,500 degrees and is surrounded by a super-hot atmosphere of more than a million degrees," explained Esa project scientist Daniel Müller.
"There's a theory put forward by the great US physicist Eugene Parker, who conjectured that if you should have a vast number of tiny flares this might account for an omnipresent heating mechanism that could make the corona hot."
Whatever their role, the camp fires are certainly small - which may explain why they've been missed up to this point, says David Berghmans, from the Royal Observatory of Belgium and the principal investigator on the probe's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI).
"The smallest ones are a couple of our pixels. A pixel corresponds to 400km - that's the spatial resolution. So they're about the size of some European countries," he told reporters. "There may be smaller ones."
Image copyrightSOLAR ORBITER/METIS TEAM (ESA & NASA)Metis
Image captionThe Metis instrument is a coronagraph. It blocks out the dazzling light from the solar surface, allowing the fainter outer atmosphere of the Sun to be seen. Different frequencies show different features
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The European Space Agency (Esa) satellite was despatched on a rocket from Cape Canaveral in the US in February. Its mission is to reveal the secrets of our star's dynamic behaviour.
The Sun's emissions have profound impacts at Earth that go far beyond just providing light and warmth.
Often, they are disruptive; outbursts of charged particles with their entrained magnetic fields will trip electronics on satellites and degrade radio communications.
SolO could help scientists better predict this interference.
"The recent situation with coronavirus has proved how important it is to stay connected, and satellites are part of that connectivity," said Caroline Harper, the head of space science at the UK Space Agency. "So, it really is important that we learn more about the Sun so that we can predict its weather, its space weather, in the same ways we've learned how to do (with weather) here on Earth."
Image copyrightSOLAR ORBITER/EUI TEAM; PHI TEAM/ESA & NASADifferent views
Image captionSolar Orbiter's suite of instruments will allow it to untangle the details of what drives the Sun's dynamic behaviour. Sensors can pick out the different layers of the star's atmosphere and track its twisting magnetic fields
Presentational white space
Solar Orbiter has been set on a series of loops around the Sun that will gradually take it closer still - ultimately to a separation of less than 43 million km.
That will put SolO inside the orbit of the planet Mercury.
The pictures showcased on Thursday come from the most recent near pass, known as perihelion . This occurred in mid-June, inside the orbit of Venus.
For comparison, Earth sits about 149 million km (93 million miles) on average from the Sun.
Image copyrightSOLAR ORBITER/EUI TEAM (ESA & NASA)Chromosphere
Image captionAt a particular wavelength of light known as Lyman-alpha, the EUI will pick out the hydrogen in the Sun's lower atmosphere (chromosphere). Temperatures in this region are 10,000 to 100,000 degrees
Presentational white space
To be clear: while the new images have been taken from the closest ever vantage point, they are not the highest resolution ever acquired. The largest solar telescopes on Earth will always beat SolO on that measure.
But the probe's holistic approach, using the combination of six remote sensing instruments and four in-situ instruments, puts it on a different level.
Esa's senior advisor for science & exploration, Mark McCaughrean, told BBC News: "Solar Orbiter isn't going closer to the Sun just to get higher-resolution images: it's going closer to get into a different, less turbulent part of the solar wind, studying the particles and magnetic field in situ at that closer distance, while simultaneously taking remote data on the surface of the Sun and immediately around it for context. No other mission or telescope can do that."
What is Solar Orbiter and what's it going to do?
Video captionWhat is Solar Orbiter and what's it going to do?
It will be a couple of years yet before Solar Orbiter makes the first of its very close encounters with the Sun (at a distance of 48 million km).
As the mission progresses, SolO will, with the gravitational assistance of Venus, also lift itself out of the plane of the planets so that it can more easily see the Sun's poles. "Terra incognita", as Sami Solanki, from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and PI on Solo's Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager, likes to call these regions.
It's at the poles where we may finally learn the fundamentals of the Sun's magnetism.
"We know that the magnetic field is responsible for all the activity that the Sun produces, but we don't know how the magnetic field itself is produced," Solanki said.
"We think it's a dynamo that is doing that inside the Sun, similar to the dynamo inside the Earth. But we really don't know how it functions. But we do know that the poles play a key role."
Holly Gilbert, the Solar Orbiter project scientist at the US space agency, Esa's major partner on the mission, enthused about the science ahead.
"If we've already made some discoveries with just the 'first light' images, just imagine what we're going to find when we get closer to the Sun, and when we get out of the ecliptic. Very exciting."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos



Friday, April 10, 2020

SHIDAN TOLOUI-WALLACE

https://www.shidantolouiwallace.com/about



Her Story

Shidan Toloui-Wallace is an admired contemporary Baha’i chanter.
Her reputation was established in the 90’s during her service in Haifa at the Bahá’í World Centre, as she was regularly selected to chant on special occasions. The greatest honour among all other occasions for Shidan, was the invitation to chant at observances of Holy Days in the sacred grounds of the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh.
It was in Haifa that, with the permission of the Universal House of Justice, Shidan recorded her first album with her dear friend and fellow Bahá’í World Centre staff member Taraneh Rafati, titled the Call of Carmel. Accompanying them was Shidan’s uncle, the late Massod Missaghian, on the santoor (a hammered dulcimer).


Shidan’s daughter Shadi, is also a talented songstress who has produced albums, Leather Bound Book (2009), Verdant Isle (2011) and Daughter of the Kingdom (2016). In all three of these albums Shidan was invited to collaborate with Shadi. This was the beginning of a very unique fusion of the Western and Eastern music, set to the Baha’i writings.
In 2012 Shidan recorded her second album, Phoenix of Love, produced by American Bahá’í guitarist, producer and a dear friend, Louie Shelton. Shidan invited her daughter to collaborate with her on three tracks on this Album. In August 2019 Shidan released her third Baha’i inspired album, Radiant Heart. A mix of old and new collaborations with her daughter Shadi, the album features their unique ability to blend the East and West through soul stirring melodies in English, Farsi and Arabic, set to the Baha’i writings. In early 2019 they launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise the funds to produce their first fully collaborative album, Radiant Heart.
Her music contains predominantly a style that reflects Shidan’s heritage and experience in Persian song and tones, it also has a taste of the wonderful fusion of East and West so loved by those who appreciated music from all parts of the world. Shadi’s soulful contribution is joined with Shidan’s melodious tones in three tracks to bring you a taste of this melding of two cultures. Shidan Toloui was born in Tehran, Iran, was raised there until she was 16 when her family relocated to Canada. After marrying an Australian Bahá’í, Paul Wallace, and adding his surname to hers, she moved to Australia in the 1980s. Since then, Shidan Toloui-Wallace has chanted at national and international conferences and gatherings in countries including Australia, Canada, Israel and the United States. Her latest honour was to chant at the opening ceremony of the Chilean temple in 2016.
Shidan was raised in a family of musicians. She learned her art form from her father and mother, who chanted prayers every morning. They imbued the love and respect for this sacred music into their daughter.
“As a Bahá'í I was brought up to believe that music is the food for the soul so to me life without music would be like starving my soul, to me chanting is like an expression of my soul the same way artists express their feelings in a painting.”